Python Operators
Python Operators
Operators are used to perform operations on variables and values.
In the example below, we use the + operator to add together two values:
Python divides the operators in the following groups:
- Arithmetic operators
- Assignment operators
- Comparison operators
- Logical operators
- Identity operators
- Membership operators
- Bitwise operators
Python Arithmetic Operators
Arithmetic operators are used with numeric values to perform common mathematical operations:
| Operator | Name | Example | Try it |
|---|---|---|---|
| + | Addition | x + y | Try it » |
| - | Subtraction | x - y | Try it » |
| * | Multiplication | x * y | Try it » |
| / | Division | x / y | Try it » |
| % | Modulus | x % y | Try it » |
| ** | Exponentiation | x ** y | Try it » |
| // | Floor division | x // y | Try it » |
Python Assignment Operators
Assignment operators are used to assign values to variables:
| Operator | Example | Same As | Try it |
|---|---|---|---|
| = | x = 5 | x = 5 | Try it » |
| += | x += 3 | x = x + 3 | Try it » |
| -= | x -= 3 | x = x - 3 | Try it » |
| *= | x *= 3 | x = x * 3 | Try it » |
| /= | x /= 3 | x = x / 3 | Try it » |
| %= | x %= 3 | x = x % 3 | Try it » |
| //= | x //= 3 | x = x // 3 | Try it » |
| **= | x **= 3 | x = x ** 3 | Try it » |
| &= | x &= 3 | x = x & 3 | Try it » |
| |= | x |= 3 | x = x | 3 | Try it » |
| ^= | x ^= 3 | x = x ^ 3 | Try it » |
| >>= | x >>= 3 | x = x >> 3 | Try it » |
| <<= | x <<= 3 | x = x << 3 | Try it » |
Python Comparison Operators
Comparison operators are used to compare two values:
| Operator | Name | Example | Try it |
|---|---|---|---|
| == | Equal | x == y | Try it » |
| != | Not equal | x != y | Try it » |
| > | Greater than | x > y | Try it » |
| < | Less than | x < y | Try it » |
| >= | Greater than or equal to | x >= y | Try it » |
| <= | Less than or equal to | x <= y | Try it » |
Python Logical Operators
Logical operators are used to combine conditional statements:
| Operator | Description | Example | Try it |
|---|---|---|---|
| and | Returns True if both statements are true | x < 5 and x < 10 | Try it » |
| or | Returns True if one of the statements is true | x < 5 or x < 4 | Try it » |
| not | Reverse the result, returns False if the result is true | not(x < 5 and x < 10) | Try it » |
Python Identity Operators
Identity operators are used to compare the objects, not if they are equal, but if they are actually the same object, with the same memory location:
| Operator | Description | Example | Try it |
|---|---|---|---|
| is | Returns True if both variables are the same object | x is y | Try it » |
| is not | Returns True if both variables are not the same object | x is not y | Try it » |
Python Membership Operators
Membership operators are used to test if a sequence is presented in an object:
| Operator | Description | Example | Try it |
|---|---|---|---|
| in | Returns True if a sequence with the specified value is present in the object | x in y | Try it » |
| not in | Returns True if a sequence with the specified value is not present in the object | x not in y | Try it » |
Python Bitwise Operators
Bitwise operators are used to compare (binary) numbers:
| Operator | Name | Description | Example | Try it |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| & | AND | Sets each bit to 1 if both bits are 1 | x & y | Try it » |
| | | OR | Sets each bit to 1 if one of two bits is 1 | x | y | Try it » |
| ^ | XOR | Sets each bit to 1 if only one of two bits is 1 | x ^ y | Try it » |
| ~ | NOT | Inverts all the bits | ~x | Try it » |
| << | Zero fill left shift | Shift left by pushing zeros in from the right and let the leftmost bits fall off | x << 2 | Try it » |
| >> | Signed right shift | Shift right by pushing copies of the leftmost bit in from the left, and let the rightmost bits fall off | x >> 2 | Try it » |
Operator Precedence
Operator precedence describes the order in which operations are performed.
Example
Parentheses has the highest precedence, meaning that expressions inside parentheses must be evaluated first:
print((6 + 3) - (6 + 3))
Run example »
Example
Multiplication * has higher precedence than
addition +, and therefor multiplications are
evaluated before additions:
print(100 + 5 * 3)
Run example »
The precedence order is described in the table below, starting with the highest precedence at the top:
| Operator | Description | Try it |
|---|---|---|
() |
Parentheses | Try it » |
** |
Exponentiation | Try it » |
+x
-x
~x
|
Unary plus, unary minus, and bitwise NOT | Try it » |
*
/
//
%
|
Multiplication, division, floor division, and modulus | Try it » |
+
-
|
Addition and subtraction | Try it » |
<<
>>
|
Bitwise left and right shifts | Try it » |
& |
Bitwise AND | Try it » |
^ |
Bitwise XOR | Try it » |
| |
Bitwise OR | Try it » |
==
!=
>
>=
<
<=
is
is not
in
not in
|
Comparisons, identity, and membership operators | Try it » |
not |
Logical NOT | Try it » |
and |
AND | Try it » |
or |
OR | Try it » |
If two operators have the same precedence, the expression is evaluated from left to right.
Example
Addition + and
subtraction - has the same precedence, and therefor
we evaluate the expression from left to right:
print(5 + 4 - 7 + 3)
Run example »