SQL Working With Dates
SQL Dates
The most difficult part when working with dates is to be sure that the format of the date you are trying to insert, matches the format of the date column in the database.
As long as your data contains only the date portion, your queries will work as expected. However, if a time portion is involved, it gets more complicated.
SQL Date Data Types
MySQL comes with the following data types for storing a date or a date/time value in the database:
-
DATE- format YYYY-MM-DD -
DATETIME- format: YYYY-MM-DD HH:MI:SS TIMESTAMP- format: YYYY-MM-DD HH:MI:SS-
YEAR- format YYYY or YY
SQL Server comes with the following data types for storing a date or a date/time value in the database:
-
DATE- format YYYY-MM-DD -
DATETIME- format: YYYY-MM-DD HH:MI:SS -
SMALLDATETIME- format: YYYY-MM-DD HH:MI:SS TIMESTAMP- format: a unique number
Note: The date types are chosen for a column when you create a new table in your database!
SQL Working with Dates
Look at the following table:
Orders Table
| OrderId | ProductName | OrderDate |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Geitost | 2008-11-11 |
| 2 | Camembert Pierrot | 2008-11-09 |
| 3 | Mozzarella di Giovanni | 2008-11-11 |
| 4 | Mascarpone Fabioli | 2008-10-29 |
Now we want to select the records with an OrderDate of "2008-11-11" from the table above.
We use the following SELECT statement:
SELECT * FROM Orders WHERE OrderDate='2008-11-11'
The result-set will look like this:
| OrderId | ProductName | OrderDate |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Geitost | 2008-11-11 |
| 3 | Mozzarella di Giovanni | 2008-11-11 |
Note: Two dates can easily be compared if there is no time component involved!
Now, assume that the "Orders" table looks like this (notice the added time-component in the "OrderDate" column):
| OrderId | ProductName | OrderDate |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Geitost | 2008-11-11 13:23:44 |
| 2 | Camembert Pierrot | 2008-11-09 15:45:21 |
| 3 | Mozzarella di Giovanni | 2008-11-11 11:12:01 |
| 4 | Mascarpone Fabioli | 2008-10-29 14:56:59 |
If we use the same SELECT statement as above:
SELECT * FROM Orders WHERE OrderDate='2008-11-11'
we will get no result! This is because the query is looking only for dates with no time portion.
Tip: To keep your queries simple and easy to maintain, do not use time-components in your dates, unless you have to!